साथियो!
बेचारी, डरी-सहमी “कमसिन तनख़्वाह” चुपचाप सर झुकाए चली आ रही थी और उसे देखकर किश्त, बिल, खर्चा और "जरुरत" नाम के कुख्यात गुंडे सीटी बजा रहे थे।
आखिरकार “तनख़्वाह” लुट ही गई....!!
Monday, 24 April 2017
Thursday, 20 April 2017
शिक्षा का अधिकार
अनुच्छेद 21-क और आरटीई अधिनियम 1 अप्रैल, 2010 को लागू हुआ। आरटीई अधिनियम के शीर्षक में ''नि:शुल्क और अनिवार्य'' शब्द सम्मिलित हैं। 'नि:शुल्क शिक्षा' का तात्पर्य यह है कि किसी बच्चे जिसको उसके माता-पिता द्वारा स्कूल में दाखिल किया गया है, को छोड़कर कोई बच्चा, जो उचित सरकार द्वारा समर्थित नहीं है, किसी किस्म की फीस या प्रभार या व्यय जो प्रारंभिक शिक्षा जारी रखने और पूरा करने से उसको रोके अदा करने के लिए उत्तरदायी नहीं होगा। 'अनिवार्य शिक्षा' उचित सरकार और स्थानीय प्राधिकारियों पर 6-14 आयु समूह के सभी बच्चों को प्रवेश, उपस्थिति और प्रारंभिक शिक्षा को पूरा करने का प्रावधान करने और सुनिश्चित करने की बाध्यता रखती है। इससे भारत अधिकार आधारित ढांचे के लिए आगे बढ़ा है जो आरटीई अधिनियम के प्रावधानों के अनुसार संविधान के अनुच्छेद 21-क में यथा प्रतिष्ठापित बच्चे के इस मौलिक अधिकार को क्रियान्वित करने के लिए केन्द्र और राज्य सरकारों पर कानूनी बाध्यता रखता है।
आरटीई अधिनियम निम्नलिखित का प्रावधान करता है :
किसी पड़ौस के स्कूल में प्रारंभिक शिक्षा पूरी करने तक नि:शुल्क और अनिवार्य शिक्षा के लिए बच्चों का अधिकार।
यह स्पष्ट करता है कि 'अनिवार्य शिक्षा' का तात्पर्य छह से चौदह आयु समूह के प्रत्येक बच्चे को नि:शुल्क प्रारंभिक शिक्षा प्रदान करने और अनिवार्य प्रवेश, उपस्थिति और प्रारंभिक शिक्षा को पूरा करने को सुनिश्चित करने के लिए उचित सरकार की बाध्यता से है। 'नि:शुल्क' का तात्पर्य यह है कि कोई भी बच्चा प्रारंभिक शिक्षा को जारी रखने और पूरा करने से रोकने वाली फीस या प्रभारों या व्ययों को अदा करने का उत्तरदायी नहीं होगा।
यह गैर-प्रवेश दिए गए बच्चे के लिए उचित आयु कक्षा में प्रवेश किए जाने का प्रावधान करता है।
यह नि:शुल्क और अनिवार्य शिक्षा प्रदान करने में उचित सकारों, स्थानीय प्राधिकारी और अभिभावकों कर्त्तव्यों और दायित्वों और केन्द्र तथा राज्य सरकारों के बीच वित्तीय और अन्य जिम्मेदारियों को विनिर्दिष्ट करता है।
यह, अन्यों के साथ-साथ, छात्र-शिक्षक अनुपात (पीटीआर), भवन और अवसंरचना, स्कूल के कार्य दिवस, शिक्षक के कार्य के घंटों से संबंधित मानदण्डों और मानकों को निर्धारित करता है।
यह राज्य या जिले अथवा ब्लॉक के लिए केवल औसत की बजाए प्रत्येक स्कूल के लिए रखे जाने वाले छात्र और शिक्षक के विनिर्दिष्ट अनुपात को सुनिश्चित करके अध्यापकों की तैनाती के लिए प्रावधान करता है, इस प्रकार यह अध्यापकों की तैनाती में किसी शहरी-ग्रामीण संतुलन को सुनिश्चित करता है। यह दसवर्षीय जनगणना, स्थानीय प्राधिकरण, राज्य विधान सभा और संसद के लिए चुनाव और आपदा राहत को छोड़कर गैर-शैक्षिक कार्य के लिए अध्यापकों की तैनाती का भी निषेध करता है।
यह उपयुक्त रूप से प्रशिक्षित अध्यापकों की नियुक्ति के लिए प्रावधान करता है अर्थात अपेक्षित प्रवेश और शैक्षिक योग्यताओं के साथ अध्यापक।
यह (क) शारीरिक दंड और मानसिक उत्पीड़न; (ख) बच्चों के प्रवेश के लिए अनुवीक्षण प्रक्रियाएं; (ग) प्रति व्यक्ति शुल्क; (घ) अध्यापकों द्वारा निजी ट्यूशन और (ड.) बिना मान्यता के स्कूलों को चलाना निषिद्ध करता है।
यह संविधान में प्रतिष्ठापित मूल्यों के अनुरूप पाठ्यक्रम के विकास के लिए प्रावधान करता है और जो बच्चे के समग्र विकास, बच्चे के ज्ञान, संभाव्यता और प्रतिभा निखारने तथा बच्चे की मित्रवत प्रणाली एवं बच्चा केन्द्रित ज्ञान की प्रणाली के माध्यम से बच्चे को डर, चोट और चिंता से मुक्त बनाने को सुनिश्चित करेगा।
Sunday, 16 April 2017
Privatization of Education: Advantages and Disadvantages
The
most important task in present scenario is to impart better and quality
education. Children are the nation builder of future and to carve them as good
citizen we need to provide them with proper education so that they can become
pillar of the nation's growth. In this aspect, we had wonderful discussion on
the above topic. Here are some important points, which should be taken into
consideration while framing the policy.
Privatization
in education has increased the opportunities by increasing the scope of
admissions in all levels of education. Due to ownership, level of quality
increased in few set-ups to great extent however, this is not true with all
private organizations. Most Private institutions are meant for financially
strong strata of the society and the poor children are bound to go to
government schools. This has widened the gap between the poor and the rich. Due
to policies of various states such as, Shikshan Sewak, Shiksha Mitra, Samvida,
Guruji, etc, young talent is not at all interested in government system except
NVS/KVS and Excellence schools. Most of the parents of children enrolled in
government schools are poor and illiterate. Therefore, there is no one to
assist them at home. Government mechanism is utterly failing in this aspect.
Lot of facilities have been provided nowadays to public system but no proper
strategies to utilize and maintain it. Due to this, it is turning to be great
failure. Privatization has no doubt increased the quantity of schools but
quality is yet to be enhanced.
Though
the job opportunities have increased but salary has decreased. Job security and
satisfaction have lost. There seems no freedom for innovations in teaching as
the private schools have their own set rules, methods, which teachers have to
follow. Very less chances of upward mobility. Many times, one has to obey the
management where most of the members who are not qualified to fit into that
position. In this system, buttering has become important.
In
recent 10 years, the quality of education in government schools has degraded
drastically as a result people are opting for private schools. These schools
are making education their business which people generally call
Commercialization of Education. However, in field of higher education situation
has not become so worse. Still various Government Colleges and institutions are
first choice for students.
On
the other hand, due to government's policy of preferring quantity over quality,
private schools colleges are growing daily. Getting registration for school is
too easy. Influential people own most of such institutions where goal is to
extort money in the name of fees for various purposes. Even these institutions
have become source of converting black money into white.
Status
of Engineers in MP has gone down. There are about 200 Engineering colleges in
MP providing about 90,000 seats out of which normally 40-45 thousand are
filled. Students who are passing engineering are now appearing in exams, which
require qualification as Higher Secondary School Certificate (10+2) or plain
graduation. Many private institutions, which are working for many years and
have performed well in providing quality education without any tantrums of
other private schools, are very few. Government institutions, which are
performing comparatively better are very few. Private schools at big cities are
good but quality at small urban areas like tehsil places is not on par. In
addition, in many instance government schools at higher level are performing
better than private schools of same area.
Education
is subject of both State and Central government but more population is covered
by state government agencies where lies our main problem. State government has
to improve education system in primary and middle school level. Elementary
level of schooling is base, which is most important. It is where student
develops interest in studies and any specific subject. However, government is
ignorant on this part.
Another
most crucial part is scarcity of trained teachers. (It is so because level of
B.Ed. in M P is very poor due to numerous B. Ed colleges where degree is almost
sold). As they do not attend regular classes and no training is given to them
whereas Government teachers are employed in various non-educational works e.g.
elections, census etc. Sometimes due to low remuneration (almost one fourth) of
contract teachers, they are disinterested in teaching. Because though they are
recruited through VYAPAM (Samvida Shikshak Pariksha) on temporary basis, they
are given low salary and expected to work more than the permanent employee who
get more than double of their salary.
Stress
and expenditure of government is more on Public Alluring Schemes such as MDM,
uniform/bicycle distribution, Scholarship, haath dhulaai, yoga etc and less on
education. Passing students till class 8 with no detention policy results in
poor performance, as a result private schools are more popular especially,
lower and middle schools. At higher education level, “Mushroom Colleges”have
grown rapidly. Such colleges are even running in a 2-3 story houses and have
become center for selling degrees. After paying money, you are not required to
attend classes. Such institutions are more in professional courses such as
Engineering, MBA, Pharmacy and B. Ed. Due to this Graduates/Post Graduates are
not employable and hence are working on low wages. Except very few private
higher educational institutions, we cannot compare with government owned
institutions like IITs/IIMs/IISERs/AIMS/NITs and so on.
At
the school level, private schools have edge over government schools only in
case of state owned schools but KVS/NVS/Excellence schools are on par with
them. Children admitted in Private Schools are studying at three places.
School, Home and in Coaching Classes. In private schools, children inducted are
from good family background they get good support of parents and hence perform
better.
However,
the teachers and children both have much mental pressure to achieve high score
in these schools. On the other hand, teachers are underpaid but are expected to
give their best by hook or crook. Children do not have time for themselves to
spend on outdoor games and hence confined to Gadgets.
There
are fed concepts and much emphasis is not given on evolving the innovative
ideas. Teachers have tremendous work pressure and job insecurity so they have
to work hard.
So
ultimately seems private schools are better than public schools and no doubt,
some of them are. In state owned schools, it’s just reverse they do not have
proper infrastructure and basic amenities to provide learning environment. Poor
management, scarce resources, lack of will power of teachers deteriorating the
quality.
So
finally, we have to make our foundation very strong that is from elementary
school system to higher learning institutions. For this, we can adopt certain
measures like-
·
To pay proper
wages to the teachers.
·
There should be
no Guruji/Samvida/Shiksha mitra and many more such post, which are not
permanent and low, paid.
·
Proper
monitoring over the teaching learning practices in the schools to ensure the
quality of education.
·
Teachers in
government schools should really toil to bring the name up so that people will
get encouraged to send their ward in government schools.
Finally
very strong will power to bring change from the rudimentary level.
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